Free Online Classes Directory

If you’re new to learning through the internet, want to test out a class, need to brush up on some skills for your credit classes, or just want to learn a few new facts, you’ll want to check out one of the many free courses available online. Although these courses don’t provide college credit, they do give students a lot of information and can be a valuable supplement to your regular studies. There are two main types of online courses: independent courses that are made exclusively for the internet, and open courseware classes that are designed for actual classrooms. Independent Courses Independent courses are made especially for e-learners. From poetry to financial planning, theres something out there for everyone.Brigham Young University has a number of online courses offered for credit to paying students, but they also offer free classes that are open to the general public. Although these classes do not offer interaction among peers, they have a sensible set up and often provide useful information. One of the most common subjects offered is genealogy; BYU has quite a few specialized courses to help genealogists locate their personal family information. A number of religious courses are also available.Stanford University offers free lectures, interviews, and material that are avaliable for download on iTunes.Free-ed.net offers a variety of courses that include materials completely online. Some even have free online textbooks. The Information Technology programs are some of the best and include step-by-step instructions on mastering various types of computer skills . The Small Business Administration provides dozens of links to courses that teach you how to plan, start, market, and run a successful business, and also how to apply for grants and loans. The Teaching Company sells audio and video classes taught by top professors. However, if you sign up for their email newsletter, they will send you occasional free lectures that can be downloaded and saved. Open Courseware Open courseware programs are designed to give students around the world access to course materials actually used in university classrooms. Participating colleges post syllabi, assignments, calendars, lecture notes, readings, and other materials online, making it easy for self-learners to study the topic on their own terms. Open courseware programs do not require registration or charge tuition. However, they  do not award credits or allow for interaction with a professor.Want to take an MIT course for free? MIT’s open courseware program offers students around the world access to materials and assignments used in actual classrooms. More than 1,000 courses are currently available.Tufts University also offers a handful of quality open courseware classes as does Utah State University and John Hopkins University.

From a Sociological Perspective Essay - 4053 Words

From a sociological perspective, explanation for criminality is found in two levels which are the subculture and the structural explanations. The sociological explanations emphasize aspects of societal arrangements that are external to the actor and compelling. A sociological explanation is concerned with how the structure of a society, institutional practices or its persisting cultural themes affect the conduct of its members. Individual differences are denied or ignored, and the explanation of the overall collective behavior is sought in the patterning of social arrangements that is considered to be both outside the actor and prior to him (Sampson, 1985). That is, the social patterns of power or of institutions which are held to be†¦show more content†¦Th subcultural theorist are interested in patterned ways of like which may have evolved with a division of labor and which are called class cultures. The pattern, however is not described by reference to income alone or by reference to year of schooling or occupational ski.. The pattern includes these indicators, but is not defined by them. The subcultural theorist are more intent upon the varieties of human value. These are preferred ways of living that are acted upon. In the economists language, they are tastes. The thesis that is intimated, but not often explicated by a subcultural description of behaviors is that single or multiple signs of social position, such as occupation or education that will have a different significance for both status and cultures. Money and education do not mean the same things socially as they are more or less equitably distributed. The change i n meaning is not merely a change in the prestige value of these tow, but also betokens changes in the boundaries between class cultures. Generally speaking, whether one believes tendencies to be good or bad, the point of emphasis should be simply the criteria of social class that have been generally employed.. The criteria should be limited to income and schooling with changes in the distribution taking advantage of the population. Class cultures, like national cultures may break down. A more general subculture explanation of crime, not necessarily in disagreement with the notion of classShow MoreRelatedInequality From A Sociological Perspective1507 Words   |  7 PagesInequality from a Sociological Perspective Social inequality is an important area of study for sociologists. It concerns the privileges of certain sections of communities, and aims to determine how and why societies experience inequality. This is important in addressing issues of inequality and striving towards a society where people do not face discrimination based on race, gender, sexuality, class or social groups that they belong to. The study of inequality in sociology originally started withRead MoreA Look at Crime from a Sociological Perspective1020 Words   |  4 PagesCrime A Look into Crime from a Sociological Perspective Introduction Crime is considered to be some breech or violation of behaviors which stand in opposition of rules or norms instituted by some governing body. Some actions are considered to be crimes throughout most societies in history; murder or physical abuse can serve as an example as an example. However, the majorities of things that are considered crimes are more of a subjective nature and vary widely in different societies. In many societiesRead MoreDifferent Cultures From A Sociological Perspective1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthe relationships that are occurring in my own life and how relationships in being made in the future will be affected will be changed because of this. 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For example, it is considered normal in the United StatesRead MoreGender Wage Gap From A Sociological Perspective Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe gender wage gap in America is a social problem that has existed since women entered the workforce. According to the National Committee on Pay Equity, for every dollar earned by a man, a woman made 78.3 cents in 2013 (Leon-Guerrero, 2016). Data from 1983 to 1998 and concluded that women workers in their prime earning years make 38% of what men make. During the 15-year period, an average prime-age working woman earned only $273,592 compared with $722,693 earned by the average working man in 1999R ead MoreEssay about Explanation for Criminality from a Sociological Perspective4008 Words   |  17 PagesExplanation for Criminality from a Sociological Perspective From a sociological perspective, explanation for criminality is found in two levels which are the subculture and the structural explanations. 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Send a Welcome Basket! Free Essays

Putting the ‘person’ in personnel Shalini Shukla 18 Oct 2012 With a history of more than 80 years in Singapore, OCBC is a bank centred on people. The Bank has come a long way from its first days of helping rice merchants continue to trade times of war. This is evident in its sterling performance in recent years. We will write a custom essay sample on Send a Welcome Basket! or any similar topic only for you Order Now In May this year, Bloomberg Markets magazine announced OCBC as the world’s strongest bank. Also, one in two businesses currently operating in Singapore has an account with the Bank. The success of the bank is built on the back of sound business policies and active talent management and development. For instance, within the first three days of a company being incorporated, OCBC will contact them about opening a corporate account with the bank. â€Å"The Bank practises the same proactivity when it comes to managing and developing its people,† says Eric Ong, Head of Emerging Business, Global Enterprise Banking, OCBC Bank. Career framework OCBC takes training and development seriously as human capital is the Bank’s key differentiator. Investment in this area helps to build the capabilities of employees to deliver superior performance. Learning is part of the Bank’s ongoing business strategy and helps to create a win-win situation for us and our staff,† says Ong. â€Å"By aligning employees’ learning objectives with business goals, we help employees succeed in building a career and not just a job with OCBC. † OCBC encourages its employees to take charge of their own careers through the Bank’s ‘Career Best’ programme, launc hed in 2002. This programme involves helping employees evaluate their strengths and career orientation, and finding the best fit between their talents and OCBC’s needs. The Bank also introduced the ‘OCBC Learning-3’ programme in 2007. A structured three-year development programme for employees, OCBC Learning-3 clearly delineates learning roadmaps for individual employees during their first three years of service with the Bank. â€Å"Underscoring our commitment to training, we have created the OCBC Learning Academy and also dedicated an entire floor at the OCBC Centre, called The Learning Space @ OCBC, for the sole purpose of learning and development,† says Ong. In addition to the typical classroom training, the Bank has also tapped on learning technologies like eLearning and virtual classrooms. Through the use of Web 2. 0 and video conferencing technology the training programmes are now able to reach out to employees in different geographies. Employees are given the first opportunity to learn of and apply for job-openings within the OCBC group through the Internal Job-Application Programme, in which after 18 to 24 months, an employee has the open to move into another role. We want to encourage employees to continually acquire new experiences, knowledge, skills and competencies, and allow individuals to fulfil their career aspirations at different stages of their careers,† Ong explains. This is especially so for Gen Y staff who constantly seek change and want progression – something to look forward to. They need to feel challenged and recognised for the work they do. If they are ‘stuck in a rut’, performance dips. à ¢â‚¬Å"In banking, employees need foundation,† says Ong. â€Å"I was once a bank teller. I then moved on to typing bank drafts and the like. Leaders walk the talk too. â€Å"In my business review, one part is financial numbers and business initiatives, while a large part (50%-60%) is based on the human resources,† says Ong. Hi-po attention A mentor to even people who’ve left the business, Ong believes in developing his people’s potential to the fullest. â€Å"I meet with business heads and see if there are vacancies in which we can slot the high potential candidate in,† he says. â€Å"This makes sure these people are given opportunities within the bank before they start looking elsewhere for them. It’s a proactive measure of staff retention. Senior management constantly works to push high-potential talent out of their current roles or comfort zones. This exists at all levels, be it ground sales people to middle and senior management level st aff. â€Å"We don’t want staff to be ‘too comfortable’ in their roles. They are not stretching their potential,† says Ong. â€Å"We assign them to other departments for three to six months. My sales folks, for instance, might be posted to risk management or operations. † While there is risk of losing talent to another department due to this job rotation, the advantages outweigh those risks. After coming back from their short job rotation stint, they come back with fresh insights and they can come up with new business ideas leading to increased productivity and business success,† says Ong. Ong cited an example of an employee who moved to the operations unit two years ago. When he came back to the Emerging Business department, he gave a new idea which was piloted and resulted in business growth of five times. Hi-potential staff are also given opportunities to travel and explore new markets. Young staff are accompanied by their senior leaders on these trips. ————————————————- There has to be a little risk-taking, be it with the business or with our people,† says Ong. â€Å"Being senior in management, we can give that gentle push, allowing our staff to soar. † ————————————————- You are required to : 1. Find out the strengths of OCBC Bank. Marks:- 2. 5 2. ————————————————- What do you learn from this case? Marks:-2. 5 ————————————————- Mail me back to abdullah. du@gmail. com By 4:00pm of 17. 04. 13 Write â€Å"Case study – HRM† on the subject line of your mail . All the best How to cite Send a Welcome Basket!, Papers

Aphrodite Essay Research Paper Bullfinch once said free essay sample

Aphrodite Essay, Research Paper Bullfinch one time said, Mythology is the servant of literature Yet, I disagree with this statement. Mythology is non low-level to literature, but alternatively it reveals an of import portion of history. Through a greater apprehension of mythology we can grok ancient civilizations better. In Grecian Mythology, Aphrodite was one of the most of import goddesses of the Olympic pantheon ( Dexter, 112 ) . Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty. All the Gods desired her, and she was resistless when she wore her charming girdle. It was said that she could do any adult male autumn in love with her and, in making so, she caused many dirts. In today s society her promiscuous ways would be frowned upon, nevertheless her sense of independency, glamor, and female gender serves as a theoretical account for all adult females. The birth of Aphrodite is ill-defined. Homer believed her to be the girl of Zeus and Dione. We will write a custom essay sample on Aphrodite Essay Research Paper Bullfinch once said or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet, Hesiod believed that Kronos castrated Uranus and that Aphrodite was born out of his genitalias that had been cast into the sea. In Greek, aphros agencies from the froth. Because her name means foam-born, Hesiod s version of Aphrodite s theagony tends to be more widely accepted. Many tried to win her bosom, but she ended up in an ordered matrimony to Hephaestus. He was a feeble blacksmith who was ugly and deformed. She thought that he would be low because of his physical properties ; hence, vouching her freedom. However, she was incorrect. Her hubby crafted an unseeable, bronzy runing cyberspace. He used it to entrap Aphrodite in bed with her lover, Ares. The other Gods came to look on and laugh. Yet, Hephaestos concluded ( and the other Gods concurred ) that he would instead be married to an unfaithful Aphrodite than to non hold her at all because Aphrodite s beauty was so unsurmountable. Ares was the God with whom she had the most passionate love matter. In fact, their passion came to typify the archetypical connexion between the feminine and masculine rules, the integrating of polar antonyms in an unbreakable confidant bond, ( Aphrodite in myth, history and art ) . Aphrodite and Ares are Venus and Mars and the relationship between them is still recognized today ( note such popular books as Work force Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus ) . Although she was married, Ares fathered three of her kids: Phobus, Demus, and Harmonia. She produced more offspring with other work forces ( person and immortal ) , yet she neer had any kids with her hubby, Hephaestos. Aphrodite intervened in the lives of many, and she would frequently aid immature lovers. One celebrated history of this was between Atalanta and Melanion. Many wooed Atalanta for matrimony. The lone manner to win her manus in matrimony was to win in a race against her. However, Atalanta was undefeatable, and all her suers were sentenced to decease when they lost the race. Melanion evoked the aid of Aphrodite in order to avoid the inevitable destiny that plagued the other suers. Aphrodite gave Melanion aureate apples with which to drop during the race. Aphrodite knew that Atalanta would non be able to defy halting to pick them up hence, leting Melanion to be winning. Another narrative in which a aureate apple was involved was the opinion of Paris. Eris, after non being invited to the nuptials of Peleus and Thetis, dropped a aureate apple with the lettering to the fairest. Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite were all postulating for this aureate apple, a award of beauty. Paris ( or Alexandros ) was to do the determination ; he being the handsomest mortal adult male. Each goddess made him an offer but he chose Aphrodite who promised him that his married woman would be the loveliest adult female in the universe. Yet, carry throughing her promise led to tragedy ; Aphrodite helped to fuel the Trojan War. She tried to assist Alexandros win Helen off from Menelaus. War broke out between Menelaus ( taking the Greeks ) and Alexandros ( taking the Trojans ) . Aphrodite aided the Trojans and protected Paris. The Trojan War was non Aphrodite s mistake, though her love for Alexandros and her tampering caused much wretchedness and decease among both the Trojan and Gre ek ground forcess, ( Aphrodite, Greek Goddess ) .Aphrodite may hold been disgraceful, but everything she did was for love. She neer had any childs with her hubby because she did non believe in sex in the absence of desire. Sing this, Aphrodite s definition of love may hold been similar to the great philosopher Plato s definition: Passion aroused by beauty. Aphrodite was really passionate, and she still serves as the original for the ideal female today. 522 Aphrodite, Greek Goddess. 2 p. p. Online. Internet. 17 October 1998. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kings.k12.ca.us/huhsd/huhse/projects/ai4/goddess.htm Aphrodite, Greek Mythology Link. 4 p.p. Online. Internet. 17 October 1998. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //home5.swipnet.se/ w-58907/GGGM-F/Aphrodite.html Aphrodite in Myth, History, and Art. 2 p.p. Online. Internet. 28 October 1998. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.awarenet.com/amm/aphistory2.html Dexter, Miriam Robbins. Whence The Goddess: A Source Book. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990.

Competitive Point

A point of difference is a marketing strategy that a company uses to distinguish its products from those of its competitors. A competitive point of difference must give the first priority to consumers’ interests and ensure that it comprises something that they prefer.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Competitive Point-of-Difference specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the main objective of a point of difference is to locate a benefit that differentiates the brand from others of the same type, a company has to find a feature that will motivate its consumers to purchase its product and avoid those of its competitors. The point of difference strategy is applied to distinguish different brands in the same product category; the three different product categories on which this marketing tactic can be applied include unsought, specialty, and shopping products. How Competitive Point-of-Difference Works The f irst product category, unsought products, consists of goods that consumers do not even want to think about and whose purchases are usually realized as a result of intensive marketing and branding tactics. The consumers do not actively seek out these products to purchase them but rather they get persuaded by the brand’s marketers and advertisement agencies. The best example of a brand under the unsought category of products is life insurance, which people only purchase after a serious persuasion by policy salespersons. Some of the strongest competing brands in the unsought category are: MetLife Term Life that is offered by MetLife Insurance Company, and Prudential Term Life, which is offered by Prudential Insurance Company. The two competing brands have different points-of difference that they use to lure consumers into taking life insurance policies. It is through a well calculated application of the point of difference strategy that MetLife Company has been able to control t he insurance market. The three main points-of-difference that the MetLife Term Life brand uses to attract its consumers include: an affordable way to get maximum coverage, an inexpensive system to cover specific financial responsibilities like mortgage and college expenses, and a reasonably priced means to supplement one’s permanent life insurance during periods when coverage needs, such as family growing and mortgage-paying years, are higher in number. On the other hand, the Prudential Term Life product is based on points of difference such as: the policy is convertible to permanent insurance at any time up to 65 years of age without proof of insurability, the premiums can be waived in case of unemployment or disability prior to the age of 65, and clients enjoy a provision that allows them to purchase another policy from the company without having their premiums increased. On the other hand, specialty products represent a category of goods that are very luxurious, expensive, unique and exclusive in nature. For that reason, these goods are mostly purchased by individuals considered to come from the high-class social category. These goods are not purchased out of necessity but as a result of their brand names and the special features that they have, which make them attractive to consumers.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Two of the most competing brands under the specialty product category are BMW and Mercedes. The two brands use different strong points, which determine the proportion of the market that each one of them dominates. The Mercedes brand employs three main points of difference: the cars have high fuel efficiency especially when the car is used for long distance travel, contain an engine and body that are strong and efficient, and are properly balanced making driving easy and enjoyable. On the other hand, the BMW brand convinces i ts customers by the wide availability and affordability of the cars’ spare parts, the low cost associated with purchasing and maintaining these cars, and their usability on a variety of roads or terrains. The last category, shopping goods, consists of household commodities. These goods differ in aspects such as style, cost, comfort, and most notably brand. These are the major aspects that prospective buyers of this category of goods normally take into consideration before making a decision on whether to purchase a particular product or not. Unlike other consumer goods, shopping goods are durable in nature. The two brands that are known to compete within the category of shopping goods are LG and Samsung refrigerators. The points of difference used by the LG brand are: it is available in different colors, has an assortment of different refrigerator door types, and is fitted with many cooling ways. On the other hand, the Samsung brand is known for unique advantages such as vario us temperature control systems for different types of food, its unique design and fashion that can look good with any kind of kitchen, and its large interior that increases the refrigerator’s capacity to accommodate many food items. Although all the six brands described above have very strong features that enable them to dominate the markets in their industries, the companies that own them should add more strong points to their marketing strategies and slogans to realize more sales. For instance, MetLife could add a catchphrase like ‘the policy assists you to fund your child’s education’ to its slogan while Prudential could incorporate a watchword such as ‘the policy helps you make up for you lost income’ into its adverts. Mercedes could add a slogan like ‘cars fitted with air conditioner that enables you to regulate the car’s temperature while on the road’ to its ads. BMW could also bring in something like ‘we have t he strongest models in the world’ when advertising its brands. LG could include a statement such as ‘fitted with a built-in water filtration’ in its marketing slogans while Samsung could add the declaration ‘extremely strong and durable’ to its product labels.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Competitive Point-of-Difference specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How These Points-of-Difference Convince Consumers The points of difference applied in the six different brands have different effects on potential buyers who are willing to purchase them. For instance, in the case of MetLife Term life insurance, the policy holders believe that such a policy will assist them in getting maximum coverage and in covering some financial responsibilities such as college expenses. The policy holders in the case of Prudential Term Life believe that the policy is of great importance in cases such as job loss or disability. The points of difference used in the case of specialty products also determine the consumers’ preferences and influence their choice to buy or ignore certain special goods. In the case of the Mercedes brand, the consumers believe that these cars are fuel efficient and consume less fuel especially when driven over long distances. On the other hand, BMW’s customers have been influenced to believe that its cars are strong and can be driven even on rough roads. The same effect that is witnessed in the specialty goods is also evident in the case of the shopping goods. The buyers of LG refrigerators believe that the gadgets can preserve any kind of foodstuffs owing to the wide-range temperature control system fitted in them. On the other hand, the buyers of the Samsung refrigerators are attracted to them as they are convinced that they have the ability to clean and detoxify the water stored in them. This assessment on Competitive Point-of-Difference was written and submitted by user Rachael Grant to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Langston

Langston Hughes achieved fame as a poet during the burgeoning of the arts known as the Harlem Renaissance, but those who label him "a Harlem Renaissance poet" have restricted his fame to only one genre and decade. In addition to his work as a poet, Hughes was a novelist, columnist, playwright, and essayist, and though he is most closely associated with Harlem, his world travels influenced his writing in a profound way. Langston Hughes followed the example of Paul Laurence Dunbar, one of his early poetic influences, to become the second African American to earn a living as a writer. His long and distinguished career produced volumes of diverse genres and inspired the work of countless other African American writers. Although his youth was marked with transition, Hughes extracted meaning from the places and people whence he came. The search for employment led his mother and step-father, Homer Clark, to move several times. Hughes moved often between the households of his grandmother, his mother, and other surrogate parents. One of his essays claims that he has slept in "Ten Thousand Beds." Growing up in the Midwest (Lawrence, Kansas; Topeka, Kansas; Lincoln, Illinois; Cleveland, Ohio), young Hughes learned the blues and spirituals. He would subsequently weave these musical elements into his own poetry and fiction. In a Cleveland, Ohio, high school, Hughes was designated "class poet" and there he published his first short stories. He became friends with some white classmates, yet he also suffered racial insult at the hands of other whites. He learned first-hand to distinguish "decent" from "reactionary" white folks, distinctions he would reiterate in his book Not Without Laughter and in his "Here to Yonder" columns in The Chicago Defender. Seeking some consolation and continuity in the midst of the myriad relocations of his youth, he grew to love books. His love of reading developed into a desire to write as he sought to replicate t... Free Essays on Langston Free Essays on Langston Langston Hughes achieved fame as a poet during the burgeoning of the arts known as the Harlem Renaissance, but those who label him "a Harlem Renaissance poet" have restricted his fame to only one genre and decade. In addition to his work as a poet, Hughes was a novelist, columnist, playwright, and essayist, and though he is most closely associated with Harlem, his world travels influenced his writing in a profound way. Langston Hughes followed the example of Paul Laurence Dunbar, one of his early poetic influences, to become the second African American to earn a living as a writer. His long and distinguished career produced volumes of diverse genres and inspired the work of countless other African American writers. Although his youth was marked with transition, Hughes extracted meaning from the places and people whence he came. The search for employment led his mother and step-father, Homer Clark, to move several times. Hughes moved often between the households of his grandmother, his mother, and other surrogate parents. One of his essays claims that he has slept in "Ten Thousand Beds." Growing up in the Midwest (Lawrence, Kansas; Topeka, Kansas; Lincoln, Illinois; Cleveland, Ohio), young Hughes learned the blues and spirituals. He would subsequently weave these musical elements into his own poetry and fiction. In a Cleveland, Ohio, high school, Hughes was designated "class poet" and there he published his first short stories. He became friends with some white classmates, yet he also suffered racial insult at the hands of other whites. He learned first-hand to distinguish "decent" from "reactionary" white folks, distinctions he would reiterate in his book Not Without Laughter and in his "Here to Yonder" columns in The Chicago Defender. Seeking some consolation and continuity in the midst of the myriad relocations of his youth, he grew to love books. His love of reading developed into a desire to write as he sought to replicate t...

Analysis Phase Of System Development Life Cycle Thesis - 1

Analysis Phase Of System Development Life Cycle - Thesis Example Remaining at the current status will likely cost $53,230 each year while by implementing the new system, the corporate will save half of this amount. Improving the current system (software and hardware) will cost $35,000. A thorough analysis tells us the needs of this company, whats wrong with the current system, potential problems toward implementation and costs. The recommendation of this paper is to conduct a thorough analysis of the situation, build budgets and timelines that reflect realities, understand that employees are going to be a little skeptical (so spend time and money on training) and also understand there will be a learning curve. Corporate House needs to implement this enterprise system to solve the stated problems. Doing so will allow for unlimited growth and if the improved information, reporting and efficiencies allow them to after accounting for implementation costs. Information systems, in theory, are geared toward helping improve productivity by improving the flow of information. But when systems become obsolete or a company grows or both, the information systems can turn from an advantage into a liability. Employees find they must work around the system, rather than work with the system. What is the best step when an information system no longer is able to meet the needs of the organization? Should a company simply invest in patches in the current system and do business as usual? Or would a new system be called for? There are certainly advantages and disadvantages to both of these processes. But to make a rational decision, a company needs to have an understanding of where it currently is with the system, where it needs to be, and the steps that are necessary to get there. In the following case with Corporate House, well do just that. Corporate House, a generic company, is finding itself in the same position as a lot of

How does FTAs(Free Trade Agreements) affect between U.S and South Essay

How does FTAs(Free Trade Agreements) affect between U.S and South Korea - Essay Example And now they are finally reached an agreement for free trade between two countries. And South Koreans are quiet happy over it, because South Koreans economic analysts felt that as a unilateral threat. It was announced on 2nd February, 2007 and was finalized on 2nd April 2007. It is believed to be the second biggest Free Trade agreement by United States. South Korea is one of the largest exporters in auto market and also electronics market, so there is a lot of scope for Korean goods in United States. Now the ninety percent tariff would be eliminated on goods being imported from these countries. After Free Trade agreement they can easily export their goods in United States, which was a major concern of Koreans. They used to think that United States is taking more benefits from their country, as Korea is one of the biggest markets for US goods, so it was the reason that they consider economic ties between United States and Korea as unilateral instead of bilateral. The Free Trade Agreement or Treaty between United States and South Korea is beneficial and profitable for not only the governments who will definitely gain a lot of profit but mainly for the people of two countries, who will likely to be the major winners in this situation. They will have access to the new products on a reasonable price and also they will get new jobs, which is a result of new industries and investments. The trade relations between United States of America ... US helped in Korean independence and also played a major role in dividing two Koreas after World War II and like this two Koreas were formed, North Korea and South Korea. The relations between United States and South Korea are widespread from the beginning, since its independence in 1948. They shared great ties in political, economical and military grounds. US troops have been deployed in South Korea, as accordingly South Korea faces a serious military threat by its not-so-friendly neighbor, North Korea, but there comes a tragic incident of death of two girls by US troops in an accident during their training. The rage of nationalism hits South Korean at that point and now US is withdrawing its troops. Although they got internal pressure from their own country regarding this, as there are voices heard for that how economically expensive it is to deploy their troops in South Korea and that is also just for the threat by some other country. Although President Bush accused North Korea, along with Iran and Iraq as the "Axis of Evil", in his early days of president ship but now with the recent peace developments between North and South Korea, there is litt le need for US troops. The first reason for this is the insecurity felt by South Koreans regarding their trade relations with United States. South Korea is included in ten biggest markets of United States goods, which means that United States is earning a lot of revenue from South Korean market. But it is not the same with South Korea. They were not earning much from United States and this was what makes South Koreans insecure about this relationship. The analysts used to call it "unilateral relation"1. I think that with the background of this reason, it is the best that United States did.

Engine performance and Efficiensy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Engine performance and Efficiensy - Coursework Example Theoretically, it is the difference between the gross and net thrust (Momentum drag = Gross thrust – Net thrust). It is computed as: Net thrust is a positive aerodynamic force that causes propulsion of an aircraft in air. It is represented as a summation nozzle thrust and momentum of the jet’s motion. It is a resultant propulsion force produced by the jet engine used in providing thrust (speed) to the aircraft. It is the difference between the gross thrust and the momentum drag on the engine of an aircraft (Net thrust = Gross thrust – Maximum drag). It is usually denoted by T and is calculated as follows: The engine thrust is affected by the flow of air into the engine and is thus a change in the rate of airflow results to a change in the resultant thrust. With net thrust, the increase in the aircrafts speed results to an increase for air fed into the engine, resulting to a higher output. With static thrust, the environmental factors tend to determine the ability of the craft to cause motion. With static thrust, the air speed is kept constant and is not affected by the crafts motion thus differing from the net thrust. b) Calculate the net thrust of a turbo jet flying at 150 M/S with an air mass flow of 50 Kg/S and a jet stream velocity of 300 M/S with a chocked nozzle. The residual gas pressure in the jet stream is 45 KPa gauge, the nozzle area is 0.2M2. Net thrust = gross thrust – momentum drag (T = mVj + Aj (Pj - Pam) – mVi) where Pam is the ambient air pressure in question. Form this equation an increase in the ambient air pressure, while holding all other factors constant results to a decrease in the net thrust of the engine, which being the denominator of the SFC formula results to an increase in the resultant value of the specific fuel consumption. As indicated by the new SFC equation Propulsive efficiency = (2Vi) / (Vi + Vj), where Vi is the speed of the exhaust gases and Vj is the incoming air speed. Increasing the speed of the gas

Morphological Productivity Of English Word Formation English Language Essay

Morphological Productivity Of English Word Formation English Language Essay Morphological productivity is a widely discussed topic in English word formation. What it means for a word formation process to be morphologically productive is controversial and various views exist concerning the definition of morphological productivity. The present essay aims to shed some light on the matter. A number of definitions of morphological productivity will be presented and discussed and especially the difference between productivity and creativity, and if there is such a difference at all, will be highlighted. Moreover, the question of whether productivity can be measured will be addressed, and different types of productivity measure will be compared and discussed. Is there such a thing as a good productivity measure, and how can the presented methods be improved? Rather than giving a superficial overview of many aspects of morphological productivity, this essay will focus on only a few, but nevertheless very important viewpoints. 2 What is morphological productivity? The question of what morphological productivity is cannot be answered explicitly as there exist many different viewpoints in the literature. While Bauer (1983) states that a word-formation process is productive if it can be used synchronically in the production of new forms (18), Plag (1999) argues that productivity is the property of an affix to be used to coin new complex words (44). Now, according to Plag productivity only accounts for inflectional and derivational processes, but Bauer does not share this opinion. In fact, he points out that there are some word-formation processes which are non-affixal, but which may nevertheless be productive (Bauer 2001:12), and he lists a number of ablaut-motivated compounds like chitchat, dilly dally and fiddle faddle to support his argument. From his point of view, productivity does not refer solely to affixes but rather to morphological processes (cf. Bauer 2001:13). There are several other definitions of morphological productivity, like tha t of Spencer (1991) who regards a rule as productive if it is regularly and actively used in the creation of totally new words (49). Spencers definition resembles that of Bauer in that he focuses on the synchronic creation of new words, but also differs in the respect that Bauer highlights the potential formation of new words while Spencer points out that productivity is an active process. Therefore, according to Spencer, morphological productivity is not concerned with the possibility of a word-formation process to form new words but there has to be actual evidence for this. A further definition was proposed by Schultink (1961) on which the more modern definitions are based. He presented a more sophisticated account of morphological productivity: Productivity as a morphological phenomenon is the possibility which language users have to form an in principle uncountable number of new words unintentionally, by means of a morphological process which is the basis of the form-meaning correspondence of some words they know. (qtd. in Plag 1999:13) Schultinks point of view is opposed to that of morphological creativity. On the basis of learned rules, speakers form new words. The application of these rules, for example that the suffix -ness can be attached to adjectives to form nouns, is crucial for the process of morphological productivity. In the following sub-section I will give an overview of the difference between creative and productive word-formation processes. 2.1 Productivity vs. creativity Schultinks unintentional or also unconscious nature of use of productive rules is typical: when a rule is very productive, neologisms on its basis will hardly be noticed as they look so familiar and not innovative. For example, the suffix -ness can be used to form nouns from a large number of adjectives, and speakers have internalised this rule to such an extent that neologisms with -ness are not particularly striking and are more often formed than neologism with the suffix -ese (cf. Haspelmath 2002: 101). On the other hand, creative neologisms are always intentional formations that follow an unproductive pattern (Haspelmath 2002: 100). This view was originally derived from Lyons (1977) who put forward the notion of rule-governed and non-rule governed word-formation. According to Lyons, productivity is a defining property of language, allowing a native speaker to produce an infinitely large number of sentences, to be accounted for by the rules of grammar (cf. Lyons 1977: 549), whereas creativity is the native speakers ability to extend the language system in a motivated, but unpredictable (non-rule governed) way (Bauer 2001: 63). Bauer gives an example of this difference on the basis of the word headhunter. If it is seen as a formation invented to designate a member of a tribe which keeps the heads of its victims, the word-formation process is productive because it is governed by syntactic rules. However, if it is seen as a metaphorical expression, referring to one who recruits executives for a large corporation, the word-formation process is regarded as creative because the meaning of the word is semantically opaqu e and if one does not know the meaning of the second sense of headhunter, it is not possible to derive it from the word alone (cf. Bauer 2001: 63). Hence, analysability and semantic transparency seem to be pre-requisites for morphological productivity, but they are by no means sufficient conditions, e.g. the suffix -ess is analysable and transparent but not productive. In addition to that, creative processes can be analysable and transparent as well. This becomes clear when we look at analogical formations such as trialogue, which is derived from dialogue, or the German word Hausmann, which is derived from Hausfrau (cf. Haspelmath 2002: 102). Another problem is that it is difficult to distinguish clearly between (levels of) consciousness and intentionality in individual cases. It might be the case that there is a mix of intentional and unintentional and unconscious word-formation processes. Haspelmath notes that because of the fact that we do not know what a speaker intends and thinks when he forms new words, it is impossible to say that productive processes are always unconscious (Haspelmath 2002: 101). Haspelmath illustrates this with the example of the word mentalese, which was coined by a philosopher in the mid 20th century. The formation of mentalese was creative, but the question arises why he did not use the word thoughtese or mindese which would have been equally acceptable from a semantic point of view. The answer to this question is that the suffix -ese prefers to follow bases with a strong-weak stress pattern (like in mà ²therà ©se or Jà  panà ©se) and since thought and mind are monosyllabic, they do not co nform to this pattern (cf. ibid.). It is unlikely that the philosopher considered this as he coined mentalese, but he might have internalised this rule and made his choice unconsciously. Thus, it cannot be confirmed that productivity and creativity are two independent processes which are mutually exclusive, but they rather seem to influence each other and both processes can contribute to the formation of new words at the same time. This is emphasized by the fact that creative processes can turn into productive processes; for instance, the suffix -scape was first used as an analogy and later became productive (cf. Claridge 2008). This shows that there is no clear boundary between productivity and creativity and the question remains where creativity ends and productivity starts, or if a distinction between these processes can be made at all. 3. Measuring productivity (?) In connection with the above mentioned problem that it is problematic to distinguish between productivity and creativity, it is plausible that productivity is not a process which is either there or not but it rather seems to be the case that productivity can be gradually measured on a scale. Thus, we cannot explicitly say that a word-formation process is productive or unproductive, but it might be highly productive or less productive. But is it actually possible to measure how productive a given word-formation process is? This question will be discussed on the basis of various measures which have been proposed in the past. Bolinger (1948) suggested that productivity is the statistical readiness with which an element enters into new combinations (qtd. in Plag 2003: 52). This implies a quantitative notion of productivity and means that information about the type frequency of a certain process and about the number of new words which are formed by this process are necessary. Type frequency is actually the most frequent type of measure, but it is at the same time highly disputed (cf. Plag 2003: 52). It measures the number of different words formed according to a certain pattern, for example, how many different words are created with the suffix -ness. This can be done using a good dictionary, e.g. the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The problem with this is, however, that this will not tell us anything about the synchronic use of the suffix -ness, and we only learn how productive the suffix was in the past (cf. Bauer 2001: 144). It might be the case that the process made its way into the mental lexicon in s uch a way that speakers do not regard a word-formation which was once new as unusual anymore, and therefore they do not use this process to form new words with it. Plag mentions the suffix -ment, which was employed for the coinage of many new words in the past and is still very frequent, but no longer used in the formation of new words (cf. Plag 2003: 52). Hence, if a certain type is frequent in the dictionary, it does not mean that it is productive since productivity is a phenomenon of the synchronic use of language. Another method is to count the number of neologisms that arose over a certain period of time. Again, the OED is a suitable source for this as it shows, for instance, how many new words entered the lexicon in the 20th century with the suffix -scape. This way it can be seen whether a given affix was only productive in the past or still is. However, sometimes a pattern is so productive that neologisms are likely to be overlooked (cf. Plag 2003: 53). Moreover, we have to rely on the lexicographers who composed the OED and there may be a large number of neologisms they have not seen. It is often the case that neologisms occur only once and the OED does not attest every word which has ever been written and there are certainly a large number of productive nonce-formations which never made their way into the lexicon. Moreover, neologisms which occur in spoken language should not be underestimated. The OED might be a good starting point but other sources like corpora should be taken into cons ideration as well. When measuring productivity with the help of corpora, the relation of the number of words formed by the relevant process which occur only once in the corpus (hapax legomena / hapaxes) and the total number of lexemes formed with that same process in the corpus can be examined. This approach was put forward by Baayen and Lieber (1991) who argue that given a suitable text corpus the productivity of a morphological process is the quotient of the number of hapax legomena n1 with a given affix and the total number of tokens N of all words with that affix (Plag 2004: 9), or in mathematical terms: In other words, the more hapaxes there are in the corpus, the higher is the productivity rate, and the more words with higher frequencies there are, the lower is the productivity (cf. Plag 2003: 57). Thus, productivity is characterized by large numbers of low frequency words and small numbers of high frequency words (Plag 2004: 9). The following table with productivity rates for six suffixes, calculated from the written part of the British National Corpus (BNC), illustrates this: Affix Types Tokens Hapaxes Productivity -wise 183 2091 128 0.061 -ness 2466 106957 943 0.0088 -ize 658 100496 212 0.0021 -ful (property) 154 77316 22 0.00028 -ful (measure) 136 2615 60 0.023 -able 933 140627 311 0.0022 (Plag 2003: 57) Compared to the relatively small number of tokens, the affix -wise has a high number of hapaxes and therefore a high productivity, while the affix -able is least productive because with regard to the number of tokens there are comparatively few hapaxes in the BNC. This sounds reasonable and it is indeed among the hapax legomena that the greatest number of neologisms appear (Plag 2003: 55), which was empirically tested by Plag. However, when following Baayen and Liebers approach which is based on the assumption that hapaxes correlate with neologisms, it has to be considered that in fact not all hapaxes are productive formations. What matters is the size of the corpus. In a relatively small corpus, a large number of words will be hapaxes and the majority of these hapaxes will not be the result of productive word-formation processes but well known words of the lexicon. In a corpus that is sufficiently large, like the BNC, the probability that hapaxes are unknown words and, moreover, neo logisms is much higher (cf. Plag 2003: 57), but for a small corpus the calculated productivity rates would not be representative of the actual language in use. A further problem is that Baayen and Lieber ignore type frequency. Does it mean that as soon as an item occurs more frequently in a corpus it is not the result of a productive word-formation process anymore? This is contrary to the type frequency approach which, although highly disputable, should at least be taken into consideration. When we look at the above table, we can see that the suffix -ness is attached to 2466 different bases, but the suffix -wise is only attached to 183 different types of bases. Nevertheless, -wise is supposed to be more productive because it has more hapaxes in relation to the number of tokens. Despite this, it might be the case that a large number of the remaining types occurs only few times. Types that occur only two or three times may still be productive word-formations. In fact, a query on the written part of the BNC revealed that the suffix -ness is attached to 426 types of bases which have only two tokens! Words which fall into this category are for e xample japaneseness, silveriness and windiness. They cannot be found in the dictionary and are clearly the result of a productive word-formation process. In contrast, the suffix -wise is only attached to 20 different types of bases which occur two times in the BNC. Baayen and Lieber do not take these cases into consideration. Does it mean that words which occur more than one time do not fall into the scope of productivity anymore? This assumption is fairly myopic! In order to achieve a reliable productivity measure, the proportion of both types and tokens should be taken into account, which might be achieved with the use of weighted interpolation. For example, a higher weight is assigned to hapaxes, a lower weight to word-formations which occur two times and again a lower weight to word-formations which occur three times, and so on. The sum of these weights which are multiplied by the number of tokens are then divided by the sum of tokens, which might give us a more reliable measure of productivity: where ÃŽÂ » is a different weight set for each number of tokens, n is the number of tokens and N the number of total tokens of the given word-formation process. The question which remains to be answered is where to set the threshold of productivity, i.e. how many tokens can a word have without becoming unproductive and thus, word-formation processes up to which token frequency should be included in the formula? Moreover, how should these weights be set? Answering these questions goes beyond the scope of this essay, but might be interesting for further research in the field of morphological productivity. 4. Conclusion As has been shown, the notion of morphological productivity is difficult to pinpoint. Many different viewpoints about the definition of productive word-formation processes exist throughout the literature. It already starts with the types of morphemes which are involved in word-formation and there are differing opinions about whether only formations with affixes are productive or if compounds can be included as well. Furthermore, there is controversy concerning the difference between productivity and creativity and whether productive processes are always unintentional and rule-governed while creative processes are intentional and non-rule governed. However, in this essay it was concluded that these processes are not independent but may influence each other to a certain degree. Another important question, which still needs to be answered, is whether productivity can be measured and if yes, which is the appropriate method to do so. Various methods have been presented which all have their advantages and shortcomings. While many researches focus on type frequency, this method is highly controversial and although alternative measures have been proposed they do not seem to capture the notion of productivity appropriately. The problem is that there are so many different viewpoints about what productivity actually means that it is difficult to arrive at a suitable measure. We can only measure something on the basis of a proper definition and if there are various definitions there are various corresponding measures, but it is impossible to determine which one is the ultimate. An extension to Baayen and Liebers formula has been suggested as a starting point for further research, but there still remain open questions as to how it can be applied properly.

Horatio: A True Friend of Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a tragic play. Most of the characters in the play have selfish motives at heart. Lust, greed, pride, and revenge are just a few sins that are committed in the play. There are few instances within the play that show goodness and kindness. Hamlet has so many people around him trying to bring him down, but he had one friend that was loyal to him, and that was Horatio. The other key characters in the play were only out for their own good. However Horatio was looking out for Hamlet. Unfortunately, Horatio was the only one. Gertrude was Hamlet’s mother. She was a selfish and evil woman. She cheated on Hamlet’s father with Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle. She married Claudius a month after her husband’s death. Gertrude wanted Hamlet to stop his grieving. She told Hamlet, â€Å"thou know’st ‘tis common, all that lives must die, passing through nature to eternity† (I.2.72-73). When Hamlet was depressed and grieving, it reminded Gertrude of the terrible sin she had committed. She wanted Hamlet to be happy just so she could feel better about herself. Throughout the play Gertrude’s motives do not waiver; she looks out for her own well being. Claudius is Hamlet’s uncle and stepfather. He had an affair with Hamlet’s mother and murdered Hamlet’s father. Claudius cared for no one in the play but himself. There were very few happy moment for Hamlet in the play, but one came when he made a play within the play. Hamlet wanted to see the reaction the Claudius had to the scene on the play where they show how the king was murdered. Claudius’ reaction to the scene was astounding. â€Å"Give me some light. Away!†(III.2. 255). Hamlet saw his reaction and knew for sure that Claudius killed his father. Claudius was a horrible uncle ... ...e end. This play is not a typical happy ending type of play. In fact there are very few happy moments in the play. I do not think that Shakespeare intended for someone to walk away with a warm feeling in his or her heart. I am not sure of the real reason he wrote the play and what it was he wanted the audience to learn from it. I learned that revenge is something that can take over your mind and cause someone to do things that they would not normally do. It seems that Shakespeare was trying to teach us to search inside of ourselves and not let the outside world influence us in any way. Maybe he was trying to show us that we all need good friends like Horatio. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 7th ed.Ed Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Upper Saddle River, N.J. Prentice Hall, 2004. 1307-1406

Contrasting Roles: The Good and the Bad

Contrasting Roles: The Good and the Bad In Fydor Dostoyesky’s, Notes from the Underground, the relationship between an underground man and a young prostitute, Liza, depicts admirable and harsh qualities. Truly, Liza illustrates a kind-hearted human being while the Underground Man exemplifies a harsh and isolated person. Liza’s function in this novel is to show the contrast between the two completing roles that characterize a classic literary illustration of what is good and bad. The altercations that Liza and the Underground Man have significantly portray positive and unsuitable qualities.Upon meeting Liza, the Underground Man harshly ridicules Liza and her lifestyle. He says that she is â€Å"a slave from the start. Yes, a slave! You give up everything, your whole freedom. If you want to break your chains afterwards, you will not be able to† (Dostoyevsky p. 64). This quote undoubtedly exposes Underground Man’s awful perspective on Liza. He believes that L iza is property, rather than a human being. Also, the quote shows that he is stripping Liza of any hope for the future. He does so by telling Liza that if she ever wanted to stop prostituting, she would not be able to.Despite all of the awful accusations that he makes, Liza patiently listens although it is hurting her tremendously. Furthermore, this emphasizes the contrast in characters. It evident that Liza is truly good and that the Underground Man is relentless. However, this not the only altercation that sheds light on this notion. Moreover, there is also another conflicts that give a defined distinction between what is good and bad. The underground Man goes on to further insult Liza without a will to stop.He states, â€Å"I know that I have only to whistle and you have to come with me whether you like it or not. I don’t consult your wishes, but you mine† (p. 69). The underground Man is dehumanizing Liza by comparing her to a dog. He claims that Liza will come to h im just as a dog follows a master’s command without question. As if that insult were not enough, he proceeds to tell Liza that she must grant his every desire but he does not care for her wishes. Undoubtedly, the quality of being able to hurt Liza in such a manner is horrible.Liza’s pain is illustrated when the novel states that â€Å"She bit the pillow, bit her hand till it bled (I saw that afterwards), or, thrusting her fingers into her disheveled hair, seemed rigid with the effort of restraint, holding her breath and clenching her teeth† (p. 72). This quote actively portrays how the Underground Man’s negative qualities truly affect her. It not only pained her emotionally to hear these things, but also physically. Despite her emotions, Liza put her feelings behind her and forgives him.After he apologizes, he states, â€Å"she squeezed my hand in her fingers so tightly that I felt I was saying the wrong thing and stopped†(p. 73). This excerpt trul y shows Liza’s nobility. Although Liza is so hurt, she makes him feel like he should not have to apologize. She does this by squeezing his hand. However, this is not the only time where Liza puts the Underground Man before herself. Liza’s responses in situations with the Under Ground man portray her comforting qualities and expose his poor qualities. Previously, the audience noted that while Liza cries, the Underground Man did not comfort her.However, in later text, the tables turn. When the Under Ground Man began to cry, she did not waste time in asking what was wrong by asking, â€Å"What is the matter? What is wrong? † she cried, fussing about me† (p. 83). This quote depicts that Liza is a compassionate person. It also shows the difference between the Underground Man and her. It was her natural instinct to help him yet he did not help Liza in her time of need. This again shows that Liza is naturally good while the underground man is uncompassionate.The last encounter that the Underground Man has with Liza truly shows her positive characteristics. After some time, Liza believes that he no longer sees her as a prostitute, but as a companion. However, after having relations with the Underground Man, he wants her to leave and gives her money for the relations that they previously had. Although this hurts her beyond belief, she leaves the money. The underground man states â€Å"I saw a crumpled blue five- rouble note, the one I had thrust into her hand a minute before† (p. 89). This shows that Liza is admirable in dignity.Although she had been hurt, she still had her dignity and that was important for the Underground Man to see. Liza is placed in the novel to show that despite negative situations, a person can still posses an admirable personality. Truly, Liza continuously finds herself to be in horrible situations but she never fails in acting graciously. In a sense, Liza is an inspiration to all. She shows the audience that he r profession pains her and that she regrets it. Not only can the audience learn from her mistakes, but also from her gracious personality as well.

Assignments for Sale

Assignments for Sale Assignments for Sale Assignments for Sale: Interesting Research If different college and university assignments are those to poison your happy life, stop suffering from this very poison, appeal to assignment writing company and make us of assignments for sale they offer to their customers. You see if using different assignment writing companies as a way of completing your own assignments you can order these assignments online and do not spoil your happy life ever again: Assignments For Sale Save Your Time Sociologists have made a very interesting research in which they aimed to count how many hours a day a student devote to his or her study. They invited common students to take part in this very research who are not honours students but just common students who try to study and to be awarded with the diplomas on their own. After having investigation in the duration of month, these sociologists have counted that students spend at least four or five hours a day for making different home assignments, if not taken into account that time they spend in the college while making these very assignments as well. If to compare this figure with the figure, which determines some other students activities they devote their time to, you shall see the following picture: one or two hours for going out, one or two hours for spending with family, five or seven hours for sleeping. Can you imagine that the majority of your time while being young, you devote to completing your college or university assignments instead of enjoying yourself? It sounds rather sad and hopeless. Order Assignment Help At Our Website! That is why if you want to stop wasting your life on completing assignments you are welcome to our assignment writing site to use our assignments for sale in order you have something pleasant to remember while being adult about your studying life except of assignments completing. It is very simple to make use of our assignments for sale, you just visit our site speak with one of our representatives and order your assignments online. After that, you are free to go and to do whatever you want. Friends, parties, romantic dinners are waiting for you. While you are resting and enjoying your life, your assignments are being written. It sounds too great, does not it? Contact our assignment writing company, make use of our assignments for sale, and as they say, smell the flowers. Assignments for sale are your chance to have a life free of academic projects! Read more: Political Science Thesis Parts of a Thesis Master Thesis How to Make a Thesis Dissertation Topics

History of Slavery essays

History of Slavery essays This essay focuses on three historical points. First, slavery existed and sometimes flourished in Africa before the transatlantic slave trade, but neither the African continent nor persons of African origin were as prominent in the world of slaveholding as they would later become. Second, the capture and sale of slaves across the Atlantic between 1450 and 1850 encouraged expansion and repeated transformation of slavery within Africa, to the point that systems of slavery became central to societies all across the continent. Third, even after the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade (largely accomplished by 1850) and the European conquest of Africa (mostly by 1900), millions of persons remained in slavery in Africa as late as 1930. The three sections of the essay address each of these points, giving particular attention to the last two. While the argument reviews the rise and decline of export slave trades - across the Atlantic, the Sahara, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean - it focuses on the nature and extent of slavery within sub-Saharan Africa. Before the Transatlantic Slave Trade In ancient Egypt and Nubia slavery existed but not as a dominant institution. The enslavement of the Hebrews in Egypt and Babylonia was a significant exception. In classical times, the commercial North African state of Carthage as well as the Greek states and Rome all relied on slave labor in galleys and in agriculture, and acquired some of their slaves through trade with sub-Saharan Africa. The rise of Islam in the seventh century brought a set of rules that provided protection for those in slave status, but in so doing reinforced the institution of slavery. In Africa, Islam took root first in North Africa, then later in West Africa and along the eastern coast. A large proportion of slaves in Islamic society served as domestics, but slaves also worked as farm laborers and porters. Elite corps of slaves entered the military and government. ...

Living at home and living outside of home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living at home and living outside of home - Essay Example Consequently, the paper would draw a comparative assessment between these two integral facets of modern day life of individuals i.e. living at home and living outside of home. Living at home provides an individual with certain substantial advantages. From the viewpoint of an elderly person, living at home can facilitate to obtain necessary care and medication in familiar surroundings which at times become imperative to ensure health and safety. With regard to students of schools and colleges who live at home, a significant benefit that they can obtain is that they are continuously guided and protected in the family atmosphere which lessens their worries regarding meeting the daily necessities such as food on their own. Moreover, guidance of parents can prevent them from wasting their valuable time in unproductive activities and can provide them a peaceful atmosphere where they can remain focused on their academic and other relevant goals in life. From financial point of view, living at home can enable to save a considerable amount of money which might otherwise have to be paid for the purposes such as paying rent and purchasing food among others. Moreover , getting love and care at home is an additional advantage (Nikki, â€Å"College Students Living at Home†). Conversely, a significant advantage of living outside of home for a student is that he/she can gain significant amount of experience as well as can become more responsible and independent which can provide imperative benefit to the individual to deal with various challenges in future life. They could be able to grow up more quickly and develop self-confidence on their abilities. Furthermore, students living in college campuses can have easy access of the college library which can facilitate them in their studies. They also can take advice from and consult with fellow students which are among the

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Writer's choice - Essay Example It has shifted from the less severe form into explicit content. The paper will analyze some of the characteristics of sex in the media. These characteristics are both beneficial and harmful at the same time. The media sexual content can affect the behavior of any age group. However, it is an accepted belief that adolescents are more vulnerable to media content than the rest. Adolescence marks the stage in which the gender roles and sexual behaviors are shaped. Adolescents easily imitate the behavior of their favorite pop idol; their dressing, and actions. The media has a lot of sexual content directed to them thus, influencing their sexual behavior. Teenagers at this stage tend to copy almost everything showed in the media as they try to develop their identity. Today’s media has been linked with several cases of early pregnancies among the teenagers. The media presents sex in a way that it appears casual. For instance, sex scenes are common in most films streamed by the mainstream media. It is made to appear as if not a big deal and that it is commonly done by everyone. However, the consequences such as an unplanned pregnancy and STDs are rarely shown. Sexual contents can remain in a teenager thought for a long time. The greater the exposure, the more they are likely to be affected by them (Brown, 2002). The media has failed to emphasize on safe sex. Studies show that the more the young people are exposed to sexual contents, the more they are likely to engage in unsafe sex. In the modern age, it is hard to reduce the exposure of the young people to sexual content. Most adolescents end up imitating the sexual behaviors and rely on the media as the sole source of sex education. These youths are most likely to have meaningless sex while disregarding the possible physical and emotional effects of such behaviors. The depiction of sex in the media provides a false expectation of satisfaction that may result in depression

Civil Engineering Management Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Civil Engineering Management Portfolio - Essay Example Management is a leading science domain and routine in managing building companies. It is one of the oldest human activities; it activates human abilities on building investment objects in order to assure necessity for civil engineering purposes. It is good enough reason to take place in management development in civil engineering. As there are too many definitions of management depending on an author, only the most important are offered, namely the most acceptable in civil engineering domain. Remarkable attention is given to managing tasks in civil engineering as well to their correlationsIf we speak about management in civil engineering then the total quality management must be proposed. Total quality management is a business philosophy and accessible way of modern companies around the whole world. It is the most contemporary idea of developing and advancing in all life and work domains. The growing urge of efficient use of the earth's resources such as land, air, water and raw mate rials as well as concentration on efficient design, analysis and maintenance of civil structures requires a better insight in the spatial and temporal patterns of resources and activities (Bean, A.L., 2007). In view of the fact that the parameters of civil engineering today are not only confined to design and construction of structures but due to globalization and privatization of civil engineering organizations now civil engineering emerges as a study, which not only pay attention on construction.... Inspection is the activity that assesses by measurement or testing whether an element has conformed to specifications. Corrective work is then ordered to rectify any non-conformance in the element. QC builds upon the inspection efforts and relies largely on statistical techniques to determine trends and detect problems in the processes. Such techniques are being used routinely in manufacturing. With respect to the construction industry, concrete cube testing is one rare example. Both QA and TQM are focused on meeting customer requirements, and this is at the top of the agenda. It may be said that if TQM is necessary for all businesses, it becomes more crucial and critical in case of civil engineering because structures and constructions are the phenomena afford no repetition or revision after completion. In this way, civil engineering project management becomes a dynamic multi-dimensional and multi-pronged strategic field. (Pyzdek, Thomas, (2000) 1.1 Objective of the Study In general and widely adopted sense, civil engineers are considered to design and manage the construction of roads, railways, buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams, airports, water supply and sewage systems. They must have to look into several factors in the design procedure from the production costs and expected lifetime of a project keeping in view the government policies and possible environmental hazards such as hurricanes and earthquakes. Civil engineering, considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines, assimilates many specialties. The most common and crucial fields of civil engineering include structural, water resources, construction, transportation, and geotechnical engineering. (Bean, A.L., 2007) Most of the civil engineers hold administrative or supervisory

Ethics Games Dilemmas Essay Example for Free

Ethics Games Dilemmas Essay The Baird Method based on the four ethical lenses and the four plus one decision-making method. In taking previous classes it was determine that no one lens fits the values of student Nayeli Trejos. The professor shocked with the results, and no student prior to Nayeli received that score in the lens test. This has to do with the fact that a person is not a particular lens all the time but shifts into a lens, depending on the situation. Two dilemmas were presented to the student after coaching in each lens the best decision based on the lens was chosen. The student had the opportunity to make the decision based on core values of the individual. Ethical Issues of Simulation and Decision making steps The first ethical issue presented in the simulation was a concern of an employee with a possible sexual harassment case. This employee had voiced concern about feeling uncomfortable in certain situations. The director of sales made aware by a third party regarding the situation of the employee receiving extra attention. The director received an e-mail from the employee stating the employee wanted to meet but for the director to keep everything confidential. The director of sales used the four plus one step decision-making plan known as the Baird method. The steps are be attentive, be intelligent, be reasonable, be responsible and be reflective (Ethicsgame, 2012). The best decision was based on the rights/responsibility lens and the results lens. The ethical issue presented in the second situation discusses tampering with research data results. The marketing director received a request to review the data to be submitted by the division medical director for publication. After reviewing the report the marketing director noticed inconsistencies form the first report drafted. The medical director removed data that was not favorable for the research and replaced with favorable data. The four plus one decision method was to address ethical issues. The marketing director chose the best option based on the results and reputation lens. Ethical Lenses used and  Lens Influence on Decision There are four ethical lenses that influenced the decision of the simulated ethical issues. The simulation offered the perspectives of the lenses to make the best decision based on the lens tools. The lenses are rights/responsibility lens, results lens, relationship lens, and reputation lens (Ethicsgame, 2012). Each dilemma presented offered two lenses to make a decision based on the tools of each lens. The simulation gave the best answer based on the lens and after the reader had the choice based on the individuals core values. After identifying the best choice for all lenses the students choice was rated for risk. Concepts Relating to the Workplace A lifeguard on duty needs to be easily identifiable for that reason employers require uniforms. Lifeguards uniform includes a bathing suit or trunk at all times while on duty. Females have an option of wearing trunks and a shirt over the bathing suit. Males have the option of wearing a shirt. The facility sees approximately 1,200 patrons a day. The probability of sexual harassment in this environment is higher. There are employees under age working alongside employees who are much older. Some females expressed feeling uncomfortable in certain situations. These concerns were addressed immediately to protect the employee as well as the organization. It is a requirement for employees to attend regular training and meeting to discuss policies and procedures. In these meetings a manual is issued to employees stating policies, procedure, and legal rights. The protocols were outline for the individuals in case of any situation. In addition to employee trainings supervisors are sent to an additional management meeting. This meeting addressed how to follow proper protocol to protect the individual filling the report as well as the organization. Conclusion Knowledge is power and educating employees will reduce risk of ethical issues. In these simulations different ethical issues were addressed. The opportunity to view two different perspectives before making a decision is beneficial. This allows the decision maker to reduce risk and keep the best interest of all parties involved. Know that the decision maker will not only stay in one lens but also will mold, depending on the situation at hand. References EthicsGame (2012). Retrieved from http://ethicsgame.com/Exec/CorpGame/BairdDecisionModel.aspx

Journal Writing and Adult Learning Essay -- Teaching Writers Authors E

Journal Writing and Adult Learning The value of journal writing to a course with adult students cannot be overemphasized. (Sommer 1989, p. 115) Journals and diaries have a long history as a means of self-expression. Several themes prevalent in adult learning--coming to voice, developing the capacity for critical reflection, and making meaning--are reflected in the way journals can be used in adult education. Journals are useful learning tools in a variety of adult education settings. Dialog journals, for example, have become popular in adult literacy and English as a second language classrooms. This digest focuses on several types of journals, exploring their value in assisting adults through their learning journey and summarizing advice from the literature on effective ways to use journals. Types of Journals One type is the reader response journal or literature log, in which learners record their responses to readings. Used on all levels from adult basic education through graduate study, such logs enable readers to enter the literature in their own voice (Perham 1992), placing themselves in relation to the text and discovering what they think about it. Over time, the log itself becomes another primary text to which they can respond (Perl 1994). Usually, entries are shared with the class, stimulating discussion. In one variation described by Perham, a looseleaf notebook accessible to the whole class becomes a collaborative journal in which learners and teacher make ongoing comments. Both Perham and Perl feel that these response journals have the power to build a community of learners though the process of critical co-reading and co-writing. The learning journal is a systematic way of documenting learning and col... ...462) Roe, M. F., and Stallman, A. C. "A Comparative Study of Dialogue and Response Journals." Presented at the American Educational Research Association conference, 1993. (ED 359 242) Schatzberg-Smith, K. "Dialogue Journal Writing and the Initial College Experience of Academically Underprepared Students." Presented at the American Educational Research Association conference, 1989. (ED 308 737) Schneider, P. The Writer as an Artist. Los Angeles: Lowell House, 1994. Sommer, R. F. Teaching Writing to Adults. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989. Surbeck, E.; Han, E. P.; and Moyer, J. "Assessing Reflective Responses in Journals." Educational Leadership 48 (March 1991): 25-27. (EJ 422 850) \ Walden, P. "Journal Writing: A Tool for Women Developing as Knowers." New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education no. 65 (Spring 1995): 13-20. (EJ 502 496)

Electronic Security Essay -- Internet Technology Essays

Electronic Security Have you ever wondered what happens to your credit card number when it's sent through a "secure" server to Yahoo or Amazon? Have you ever wondered: Is my data safe? Unfortunately no activity on the Internet is private or secure. Anything stored on a home system is completely vulnerable to the outside world (unless of course the system is isolated from the Internet). Another thing to think about is the fact that any data on any type of disk can be salvaged. So if a corrupt disk is discarded, the data can be recovered with the right tools. The same is true with computer hard drives, flash memory, compact Disks etc... There are actually people who recover data for their income. These people usually don't discriminate against one customer or another they just extract the data and hand it to them on a silver platter. In the movie The Net Ms. Bennett (Sandra Bullock) works for a software company. She beta tests and de-bugs programs. She finds dangerous information that ultimately launches her into an epic battle against a group of terrorist hackers, the stakes: her life and identity. Could this really happen? In theory, someone's life could be screwed up and/or stolen. To gain control of a whole country's databases and networks would require a better-laid plan than the plot in the movie. In order to have access to secure national data; a very powerful decrypting program would be needed, as well as a way to cover up the point of ingress. Having a contact on the "inside" wouldn't hurt either. The movie plot seems a little far-fetched. World domination is not as easy as Hollywood makes it out to be. In the real world most network hacking is used to cover up secret events and information, which could pos... ...oice is to be careful with the information released to the public, forcing anyone who wishes harm to work for the information. Electronic security is a false notion, due to the fact that humans created the code or encryption in the first place. So other humans could also think up ways to break or modify other People's work. It is impossible to make a code so amazing that it is unbreakable. If it is invented by a human mind, it can be understood and used by another human mind, in time. Works Cited The Net. Screenplay by John Brancato, Michael Ferris. Dir. Irwin Winkler. Perf. Sandra Bullock, Ray McKinnon, Jeremy Northam. Columbia Pictures, Winkler Films. 1995. Holeton, Richard. Composing Cyberspace: Identity, community, and knowledge in the electronic age. New York, San Francisco, St. Louis: Stanford University, 1998 (Wolves of the plateau. 132-142)

Introduction to Business Law and Ethics

Introduction to Business Law and Ethics Susana Silvestri Grand Canyon University BUS-340 October 17, 2010 Introduction to Business Law and Ethics Statutory interpretation was critical to the Supreme Court of Colorado’s resolution of a 2007 case, Pringle v. Valdez. Using an online source or sources, locate the Pringle decision. Then do the following: 1. Read Justice Bender’s majority opinion and prepare a case brief of the sort described in this chapter’s appendix on â€Å"Reading and Briefing Cases. 2. Read the dissenting opinion authored by Justice Coats. Then prepare a one-page essay that (a) summarizes the principal arguments made in the dissenting opinion; (b) sets forth your view on which analysis—the majority opinion’s or the dissenting opinion’s—is better; and (c) Provide the reasons for the view you have expressed in (b). 1. Case Briefing Pringle v. Valdez 06SC92 (2007) Court: Supreme Court Class: Civil Facts: Pringle lost con trol of the vehicle while taking Valdez home.Valdez was not wearing his seatbelt causing a series of injuries when ejected of the vehicle. Valdez requested compensation for impairment and disfigurement, and noneconomic losses. The argument lays on the â€Å"Noneconomic losses† which might fall under the â€Å"pain and suffering† under the seatbelt defense. Issue: The wording used involving â€Å"pain and suffering† and â€Å"noneconomic damages† referred to in the Seatbelt defense provision Holding: Awarding of $400,000 for physical disfigurement and impairment. Rule:The wording in dispute â€Å"pain and suffering† and â€Å"noneconomic damages† will be further evaluated. Analysis: â€Å"Pain and Suffering† and â€Å"noneconomic damages† are many times considered to be similar and by studying the demand of the case it can be ruled as been the same but using a different name. Conclusion: Non-award of $100,000 for noneconomic dam ages. Award of $400,00 for physical impairment and disfigurement. Pringle v. Valdez is obviously at first a case of Majority Opinion which in an appeal court was turned into a dissenting opinion.Part of the case held while the other was discussed, studied and adjust for an accurate ruling, in order to explain and grant a decision by the jurors and the judge according with the Statutory Interpretation of the case. Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 24 http://www. courts. state. co. us/Courts/Supreme_Court/opinions/2006/06SC92. pdf Jerrie Gray worked at a Tyson Foods plant where she was exposed to comments, gestures, and physical contact that, she alleged, constituted sexual harassment.Tyson disputed the allegation, arguing that the behavior was not unwelcome, that the complained about conduct was not based on sex, that the conduct did not affect a term, condition, or privilege of employment, and that proper remedial action was taken in response t o any complaint by Gray of sexual harassment. During the trial in federal court, a witness for Gray repeatedly volunteered inadmissible testimony that the judge had to tell the jury to disregard. At one point, upon an objection from the defendant’s counsel, the witness asked, â€Å"May I say something here? The judge told her she could not. Finally, after the jury left the courtroom, the witness had an angry outburst that continued into the hallway, in view of some of the jurors. The jury awarded Gray $185,000 in compensatory and $800,000 in punitive damages. Tyson believed that it should not have been liable, that the awards of damages were excessive and unsupported by evidence, and that the inadmissible evidence and improper conduct had tainted the proceedings. What courses of action may Tyson pursue? Tyson Foods entered a trial in a Federal Court after a sexual harassment case was filed.Tyson Foods follow protocol and tried to solve the issue ahead of time. During trial t he witness continued to make comments that were dismissed which were then awarded based on comments made after the hearing was completed and the company was liable to pay almost $1,000,000. 00. Based on Tyson Foods believes they should appeal the Federal Court decision due to the fact that the claims were unsupported by evidence. Also they should add the fact that the inadmissible evidence and improper conduct of the witness had tainted the proceedings issuing an unfair ruling.You own a consulting firm with 32 employees and annual billings of $29,000,000. One of your clients, whom you bill an average of $1,200,000 annually, has asked you to hire her grandson. You know that the grandson has been recently graduated from a top-20 business school. He is 31 years old, has a solid academic record, and possesses the personal and professional skills to be successful as a consultant. You also know, however, that he is a recovering cocaine addict, having struggled with the addiction for five years prior to his attending business school.Your firm has a strict no-drugs policy, which you usually interpret to exclude those who previously abused drugs. Using justice theory, justify a decision to exempt the grandson from your firm’s no-drugs policy. Could you make the same decision as a profit maximizer? This decision can doors to law suits for discrimination to previous applicants which applications had been denied. On the other hand, the company has the risk to loose a good client. As owner, I will first make sure to read, examine and adjust any clause related to hiring and the no-drugs policy. The words â€Å"recovering† and â€Å"recovered† are different.Hiring someone in the recovering stage, the company is breaking the no-drugs policy. If adjustments are made to the policy to accommodate applicants from this point on that are â€Å"recovering† or â€Å"recovered† drug addicts, it will be to implementing random drug tests weekly. This w ill be costly to the firm but will guarantee the no-drug policy to remain unbroken; the potential new employee must agree to this practice and the consequences based on the results. Justice Theory is based on â€Å"the protection of those who are least advantaged in society† (Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 5), making changes and adjusting the policy will fall under this category. Giving a second chance to those in disadvantage in society. Maximizer â€Å"requires a decision maker to maximize a business’s long-run profits within the limits of the law†(Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 95) if this potential employee is capable to obey the policy and continue a successful recovery it could mean a win-win situation. You are assigned by your employer, Jay-Mart Corporation, an international discount retailer, to supervise the construction of ten new retail superstores in Shanghai, China.A ll construction is being done by a Chinese-owned contractor in compliance with Ja to those iny-Mart’s construction standards. After an earthquake in China kills over 70,000 people, China’s legislature passes a statute requiring new buildings to have a greater ability to withstand a large earthquake. The Chinese contractor has approached you and suggested that the new Chinese construction standards are unnecessarily high, that Jay-Mart’s construction standards are sufficient to protect against any earthquake likely to occur, and that the cost of complying with the new Chinese construction standards will increase construction costs 20 percent.What do you do if you believe that ethical behavior requires you to maximize Jay-Mart’s profits? A â€Å"profit maximization results in ethical conduct because it requires society’s members to act within the constraints of the law. A profit maximizer, therefore, acts ethically by complying with society’s mores as expressed in its laws. † (2) (Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. , 2010, p. 7) With this in mind the supervisor of the construction site, the decision has to be made were the company’s profit could be reduced to 20% due to the increase of the construction. This change should be shown to the company’s finance department. The profits at short term could be affected by going with the construction based on the laws standards. By actually continue with the original plan the company could be liable to law suits if another natural disaster occur and the construction standards were not followed, this could affect the long run profits of the company.There are many ways to cut expenses; one that could be proposed can be to build 8 stores instead of the 10 originally proposed, this will absorbed the 20% increase to maintain the project under the stipulated budget without affecting the short term profit.References Mallor, J. P. , Barnes, A. J. , Bowers, T. & Langvardt, A. W. (2010). Business Law (14th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin http://www. courts. state. co. us/Courts/Supreme_Court/opinions/2006/06SC92. pdf (Retrieved October 12, 2010)